Importance Of Chemistry Essay

Our whole universe is comprised of issue which is continually changing structures and advancing into different types of vitality. We use science from the earliest starting point of the day till its end, the toothpaste we use to brush our teeth is made of abrasives, fluoride, and cleansers. These normal family things contain batteries, which make them artificially reliant. The purging our water by procedure of chlorination, dental neatness from toothpaste, disinfection, the control and the fix of infection are each of the a piece of every day living found and made by science. These disclosures make up a significant part for the security of our wellbeing and cleanliness and are fundamental for the future presence of humanity. Science is the part of science that manages the distinguishing proof of the substances of which matter is created, of their properties and the manners by which they interface, join, and change. The utilization of these procedures to shape new substances, understan ding the significance of science is basic to know the significance of science in regular daily existence. Everything on earth is comprised of synthetic concoctions you, your food, and the items you use in life, for example, cleansers, scents and so on all are comprised of synthetic concoctions. An existence without synthetic compounds is inconceivable. Various changes that you watch are the consequence of concoction responses like the downpour, the adjustment in the shade of leaves, cleaning of a specific material in your home, all include synthetic compounds. You have to comprehend certain concoction responses. When does your parcel food lapse? What disinfectants and anti-agents you should use to keep your home clean and sound, etc. A visitor (Jonathan Liu) expressed â€Å"I never realized that science is applied to such huge numbers of things in regular daily existence! I realized that there would be a great deal of math included and recently imagined that we would examine science more inside and out. Presently that I’ve read this, I am progressively keen on examining science at school†. Science is significant on the grounds that it helps in investigating things which are obscure to humankind. Science is significant in light of the fact that it clarifies the future conduct of plants and creatures and we all utilization synthetic compounds legitimately or in a roundabout way in our every day lives. We are utilizing science when we cook, when we wash, when we eat, when we prepare, when we play, when we think, as aâ matter of certainty, we generally use science. Expanding the information in science is significant in the event that we need to improve our way of life on the every day. Science is likewise significant for nature. At the point when you know about the hurting impacts of the gases like carbon dioxide and methane because of the nursery impact, you can without much of a stretch cut out answers for the decrease of consequences for the earth. In the event that you go with a base information on the significance utilization of science you can help in sparing the earth to a huge degree. In spite of the fact that science is thought as muddled and an exhausting science subject, science is dependable in clarifying the world you live in, aside from clarifying cooking, cleaning, medication and condition issues; science is generally the investigation of everything. Understanding the fundamental science is basic for all, however spend significant time in science, making a profession out of the subject is likewise intriguing. A lot of science related lucrative employments are accessible today. All the clinical understudies, physicists, geologists, nutritionists study science. That the significance of science will expand step by step and it is basic to comprehend the fundamental science to appropriately direct the exercises of the day by day life.

Black People and Prejudice Essay

â€Å"Ahhhhhhhh! † I screeched and bounced for satisfaction the second I dropped the telephone. I hurrily rushed over to my mother to share the news. â€Å"Mommy, I landed my first position! † This was the venturing stone to me being a free young lady. I was authoritatively utilized at Hollister Co. as a business model. I was overjoyed and eager to bring in some cash at the youthful age of 15. My first week was certainly a learning experience; from figuring out how to keep up a money enlistment center to collapsing huge amounts of polos and pants. Before long through this excursion, it began to get mixed. With a quarter of a year of being utilized, my works day were reducing from 4 moves every week to 1 move seven days. As I took a gander at the calendar postings for the week, I saw a pattern with the booking of the movements. Unexpectedly, the majority of the representatives that were working more hours and more moves were white females. I figured it may have something to do with the way that my boss is a white surfer-kid who is beguiled by sea shore blonde wonders. Anyway that didn't prevent me from requesting that he put me on the timetable more. Unfortunately, I disdain the day I had asked him. Shockingly, he felt that I didn’t have the â€Å"natural beachy look† that Hollister Co. was attempting to see. I am of Malaysian better than average and have tan skin shading. Hearing that certainly wounded my sense of self and made me hesitant about my appearance. I felt this was a strategy for me to stop, thus I did. Throughout the months I start to understand that at last there will be individuals on the planet that have a point of view of life that I can't appear to change. I had understood this was not my issue; it was his very own judgment that drove him to imagine that. I was dealt with thusly as a result of what I looked like not on who I am. Numerous individuals have attempted to clarify the thinking of why individuals are preferential and oppress each other. Two readings that are eye-openers about preference are â€Å"Causes of Prejudice† and â€Å"C. P. Ellis. † In the article, â€Å"Causes of Prejudice,† the writer Vincent N. Parrillo clarifies the explanations behind prejudice and segregation in the United States. Which carries us to Studs Terkel’s paper â€Å"C. P. Ellis,† he reveals to us the account of C. P. Ellis, a previous Klansmen who claims he is not, at this point bigot. With Parrillo’s paper, we will break down what caused C. P. Ellis to be bias and how he changed. Parrillo’s Causes of Prejudice diagrams reasons how and why partiality exists in today’s society. Parrillo first begins revealing to us that preference is the dismissal of an individual from a specific culture, and that ethnocentrism is a dismissal of all culture all in all. He at that point expresses that there are four territories of study to consider when managing preference; levels of bias, self-support, character, and dissatisfaction. This hypothesis is perfect to the foundation of why and where bias beginnings. He clarifies that the primary degree of bias is the psychological degree of partiality. This is a person’s convictions of a culture. The subsequent level is the enthusiastic degree of preference. This level incorporates what sort of passionate reaction a culture has on an individual. These feelings for instance can be that of despise, love, dread, etc†¦ The last level, clarifies Parrillo, is the activity arranged level. This is the craving to genuinely follow up on their bias emotions toward the individual or culture. As expressed in the content, â€Å"The passionate degree of preference incorporates the emotions that a minority bunch stirs in a person. In spite of the fact that these sentiments might be founded on generalizations from the subjective level they speak to progressively extraordinary phases of individual involvement† (Parrillo 386). His announcement remains constant. In the feeling of monetary rivalry preference happens much of the time. We have to understand that desire is a significant factor of preference. There would at present be rivalries, scorn, and generalizing. It is simply in our human instinct. The tale of C. P Ellis starts as he examines his life just like a white male from a low-salary class. His disappointments and mishaps lead him to turn into an individual from the Ku Klux Klan. His dad consistently advised Ellis to avoid blacks, Jews, and Catholics’ and he complied with his father’s wishes. It could be said, it appeared as though Ellis really respected his dad. At 17 years of age, his dad before long died and Ellis had to work to watch out for his family. Ellis talks about his disappointments on making a decent living with four kids, the oldest being slow-witted and the battles he needs to suffer to get it going. Ellis starts to censure the dark individuals for his disaster and his adversity of not having the option to have adequate assets. In importance to Parrillo’s paper, he discloses that â€Å"frustrations will in general increment hostility toward others† (Parrillo 393). This ties into the outrage that Ellis started to guide it towards as he expressed, â€Å"I didn’t realize who to fault. I attempted to discover someone. I started to accuse dark individuals. I needed to abhor somebody† (Terkel 400). Ellis accepted that accusing others instead of himself was the most ideal approach to get over his disappointments. We are then abused to the confidence Ellis had and his perspective when beginning his supremacist frenzy. In any case, Ellis appears all through the article that he is feeble disapproved and has low confidence. Ellis states, â€Å"The lion's share of ‘em are low pay whites, individuals who truly don’t have a section in something. They have been closed out just as the blacks†¦ So the regular individual to abhor would the dark person† (Terkel 401). Ellis began to detest the way that he was poor and gone to the KKK. He felt the KKK opened open doors he could accomplish in view of the soundness and individuals from the gathering. Parrillo states that â€Å"self-justification† is persuade the fundamental driver of preference. He states â€Å"a individual may keep away from social contact with bunches regarded second rate and partner just with those recognized as being of high status† (Parrillo 387). We can distinguish the practices and character Ellis shows is pertinent to similar practices and character of his dad. All through the story, Ellis coordinated his scorn towards blacks simply like his dad did. Ellis states â€Å"The regular individual for me to despise would be dark individuals, in light of the fact that my dad before me was an individual from the Klan. Most definitely, it was the guardian angel of the white people† (Terkel 400). We can perceive that his supremacist ways originated from his dad who mentioned to him what to accept. We can distinguish this as the â€Å"socialization† factor of preference. At the point when one is trained something which they live by for their entire life they start to assume a job similarly as the person who showed them those ways. Parrillo explains, â€Å"We accordingly gain proficiency with the preferences of our folks and others, which at that point become some portion of our qualities and convictions. In any event, when dependent on bogus generalizations, partialities shape our impression of different people groups and impact our perspectives and activities toward specific groups† (Parrillo 394). We can make the association that Ellis’s father was supremacist he picked up his father’s qualities just as his convictions. This additionally ties in when he starts to accuse dark individuals since he was instructed they were the reason for the monetary issues he was confronting. Ellis states â€Å"If we didn’t have niggers in the schools, we wouldn’t have the issues we got today† (Terkel 402). Here he didn't really encounter what he accepted yet he was advised this and started to live by it, which was passed somewhere around his dad. Over the time, Ellis and his perspectives about the blacks changed by and large. At long last, Ellis has a revelation once he understood how much in like manner he truly had with blacks. He before long started to understand that dark individuals were similarly as ordinary and searching for something very similar throughout everyday life. He mentions to us what he understood later in his life â€Å"As long as they kept low-salary whites and low-pay blacks fightin’, they’re going to keep up control† (Terkel 403). The disclosure is going to transform him. He alludes to they just like the legislators and government. He started to have his own attitude and understand that all are similar and ought not be dealt with in an unexpected way. Some white individuals had similarly as low earnings as some dark individuals, which drove him to understand that they were all at a similar level. There is no clarification with respect to why Ellis truly chose to out of nowhere change his perspectives. We can relate this to Parrillo’s proclamation, â€Å"Although socialization clarifies how biased perspectives might be transmitted starting with one age then onto the next, it doesn't clarify their source or why they increase or decrease over the years† (Terkel 394). Taking everything into account, both Parrillo’s article and Ellis’s story go connected at the hip in indicating us the genuine motivation behind why preference prejudice despite everything exists today. Vincent Parrillo epitomizes admirable statements and key thoughts on why cause an individual to be partiality and supremacist. C. P Ellis gives an adroit eye and really gives us trust that possibly individuals will change their perspectives throughout the years. Both gave us that partiality is a prime factor in this general public and this is on the grounds that everybody was brought up in an unexpected way. Everybody has their own convictions and thoughts. Worth, perspectives, convictions and culture all are focuses of bias. Despite anything, we will always be unable to change that. Individuals simply attempt to continue on to the generalizing and condemning of different races and their own. Works Cited Parrillo, Vincent N. â€Å"‘Causes of Prejudice. † Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Ed. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. eighth ed. Boston: Bedford St. Martin’s, 2010. 384-398. Terkel, Studs. â€Å"C. P Ellis. † Rereading America: Cu

NUS Soft on Tuition Fees

NUS Soft on Tuition Fees The OE Blog Yet more controversy has erupted this week surrounding the National Union of Students and its President Aaron Porter, after the publication of a document on their website encouraging student leaders to engage in meaningful discussions with university executives over tuition fee rises. The memo, entitled ‘Briefing Note on University Fee Setting Discussions’, seems to have been taken down from the website following the uproar. Students and individual union leaders alike protested at the ‘soft’ and ‘spineless’ position taken by the NUS, as the memo seemed to encourage them to capitulate to the inevitability of the new tuition fees policy, and instead of protesting the rise in fees, to try to engage and reason with individual university authorities to keep fees as manageable and as clear as possible. A confused document in both ideology and grammar, on sentence read Recognising that simply campaigning for a low fee might not generate the results you require (especially inside the Russell and 1994 group), NUS would recommend you engage in detailed discussions with councils and execs to discuss the issues at stake before engaging in detailed discussions. The suggestion seemed to be that simply marching in with a strong anti-fee agenda would do little to deter university councils from fee rises, whilst being seen to be reasonable and debating the points may have a more successful impact. Yet Porter seems to be completely missing the point. It is an unfortunate fact that the government decision to obliterate state university funding will force universities to recoup lost income from higher tuition fees in order to survive. This means that individual lobbying at university level to try to reduce fees is attacking the innocent pawn of the monster rather than the heart of the monster itself. As Oxford University has already explained, the enormous higher education cuts mean that they will be forced to charge £8000 tuition fees simply to recoup their usual level of funding, and in order to add to that the government’s required level of access support and bursaries, they will be required to raise fees still further to £9000. So were the Oxford student union leader to campaign against the university itself to set fees at a lower rate, it would merely risk cuts to staff, university buildings and resources, and be an attack on the quality and value of the education provided by that institution. Hence it could be argued that by capitulating to Porters limp plan, students would in fact be aiding embattled deputy leader Nick Clegg in his newest ruse to deflect criticism by trying to imply that it is somehow universities themselves who are at fault for charging such high fees, as described in our previous blog. It is for this reason that students and activists across the country believe it is still urgent and important to continue to campaign at a national level for a fairer and more progressive fees system such as a graduate tax. They believe that despite the passing of the coalition government’s policy it is essential to keep up the pressure and the public voice of protest to make it very clear to politicians and populace alike that unfair access to university and higher education for the rich will not be tolerated. You can understand their frustration at Porter’s lack of understanding and support for the cause. Since the very first emergence of violence at the Millbank protest last year, the NUS has been conspicuously absent from protests and marches, as Porter seemed to writhe and dither about how best to protect the image and respectability of the Union. As many argued at the time, he was right to distance himself and the Union from any incidence of violent protest, but instead of clearly and decisively doing this by publicly declaring that the insurgents were utterly separate from the meaningful and peaceful protests, instead he chose to utterly sever NUS support of the protests. This not only robbed the movement of political clout and backing when it needed NUS support the most, but also aided the media and political frenzy of criticism of the ‘violent protests’ which guided the public towards an assumption that all student protesters were yobs and vandals. The estrangement of the NUS and Porter served to hugely strengthen this image as they sought to keep their own images squeaky c lean (with, some have argued, their own future political careers rather than their current Union responsibilities firmly in mind.) Further muddying the waters of their position, the NUS memo also seemed to support aspects of the tuition fees hike, with several paragraphs setting out the “relatively progressive” merits of the scheme. Porter comes across as a headless chicken running helplessly backwards and forwards between two completely opposite viewpoints and forcing students to beg him to “make his position clear.” Meanwhile individual student leaders such as Rahul Mansigani have criticised him heavily for now seeming to describe as “progressive a scheme that the NUS, Cambridge University Student Union and students up and down the country campaigned against.” It is rather ironic that Porter’s major criticism of the new system is not that it is financially unfair and will hugely disadvantage poorer students, but that it is “baffling, short-sighted and chaotic.” A charge it seems many in the student movement would be more than happy to level at Porter himself.

The Impact Of Globalization On The Economy Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Globalization has helped the realization of the world economy characterized with various features although some factors are not exclusive; they are not present in every country on the globe. To help in gaining more understanding of globalization and the world economy, it is paramount to consider the case of Japan and the US economies. There is a considerably stable status of the world economy, with some economies such as Japan and US indicating an upward progression over the recent years time. More specifically America has registered a healthy economic growth rated at 3.5% in 2005 and 5% in 2006 s first quarter of the year. However, the healthy economic growth was hard to be sustained following the consistent increase in oil prices globally as well as the extensive Katrina s hurricane devastation. However, the US government adopted immediate fiscal and monetary policies which had effective responses. The adopted measures helped in regaining the economic stability of the US. The econ omy of Japan receives a substantial economic boost registering phenomenal progression rates following the country's continued trading with China. The continent of Europe has also indicated a marginal growth in the recent past. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact Of Globalization On The Economy or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Several European Union countries have recorded unexpected growth rates economically. The establishment of the key free trade consensus including the "North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)" as well as South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) in an effort of boosting globally exercised trade. The concept of global "dollarization" of currencies has assisted economies of the world to measure their respective currencies against America's dollar. Consequently, currencies dollarization has led to the reduction in the independence of the fiscal and monetary policies used in respective economies. Recently, China adopted a key monetary reform while pegging the Yuan or Renminbi to a collection of currencies. Additionally, the Indian Rupee indicates positive signs of strengthening against US dollar. There are other global currencies which have indicated stability for the past several years. Such currencies include Euro and Yen.

Problem with Weapons of Mass Destruction

Problem with Weapons of Mass Destruction Until the First World War, the kinds of weapons used in battles had limited potential to destroy life and property on a large scale. But with the invention of the nuclear bomb, the scenario changed drastically. The whole world was stunned by the devastation that two solitary bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki could create. No other manmade device could unleash the amount of damage as the nuclear bomb. Although the United States could put an end to the Second World War with these bombs, it opened up the world to a new set of intriguing and frightening possibilities. As long as this kind of destructive power is in the hands of a responsible nation, things could be fine. But if we try to imagine what could happen if someone like Hitler had access to this kind of power, then the real gravity of the situation would become clear. Even this millennium has had its share of crackpots like Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden. If they had access to this kind of technology, the world would be in constant danger. We know how much damage terrorists can cause with conventional bombs. Just imagine the situation when weapons of mass destruction get into the hands of these deranged individuals it could be a catastrophic situation. The world has seen a number of dictators and tyrants who have caused misery and anguish to people under their rule. Time and again, men and women with deranged minds have come to power and caused untold damage to the lives of innocent people. We need to find ways to prevent the weapons of mass destruction from getting into their hands.

Cover Letter for Front Desk Position Free Essays

Dear XXX, I would like to express my interest in the summer front desk internship offered by (Company Name) This internship would allow me to gain knowledge and experience in the hospitality industry and apply what I have learned throughout my collegiate education. Hopefully the internship would lead to a career opportunity as well.I will be graduating May 2006 from the University of Florida with a Bachelor’s of Science Degree in Management with a Minor in Entrepreneurship. We will write a custom essay sample on Cover Letter for Front Desk Position or any similar topic only for you Order Now This position is a one that I believe I would excel at. Not only am I self motivated and eager to succeed, but I also work well in groups and have effective communication skills. This was noted in my Organizational Structures and Behavior Management course when I was awarded for outstanding group presentation. This enthusiasm for success and team player attitude will allow me to constantly strive to work with others to better serve customers and complete daily tasks during the front desk internship. Past experience in the retail industry as a sales associate at Academy Sports and Outdoors has also equipped me with quality customer service skills that can also be applied to the front desk internship. I am an excellent listener and problem solver, which enables me to adapt to changing and challenging situations.My organizational skills also allow me to multitask and manage my time effectively when performing daily tasks and meeting deadlines. I hope that you will consider me for the summer front desk internship. My skills and capabilities acquired in previous work experiences and education would benefit both you and me if I gained this internship. Enclosed is a copy of my resume for you review. I would appreciate the opportunity and look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely, (Your Name) Enclosure How to cite Cover Letter for Front Desk Position, Papers

IT for Business Strategy Organization

Question: Discuss about the IT for Business Strategy Organization. Answer: Introduction: The actual role of information technology is to provide the quality to the healthcare of the patients, which is growing rapidly over the years. Information technology is penetrating into the healthcare industry increasingly. Due to this, patients and physicians are facing the advantages of on-demand access to medical information how, when and wherever it is needed. The IT strategy practice facilitates the information flow within the healthcare organization (Anthony et al., 2013). It is making this healthcare organization as a quality differentiator among other healthcare providers. Traditionally, it was observed that, the investment of IT into the healthcare sector used to be low than other service sectors. This results into a number of issues for the healthcare providers. The issues are appearing from all aspects. The system is in a need of modernization with help of software systems to share the data. Without help in expansion of growth, the infrastructures of the health organizati ons are hindering the situation. The programs are not aligned with clinical workflows optimally. Older IT systems are struggling rapidly to provide an integrated information flow with the evolving expectation of improved healthcare systems (Devaraj et al., 2013). This health care system is designed around provider needs rather than around patients needs. In this way, both the medical staffs and patients are rapidly experiencing advanced health care technology, which is above their expectations. Impact of IT in healthcare: Information technology is applied in healthcare systems in different aspects. These are described below: Equipment: IT has various impacts in the equipments required for healthcare. Major of the healthcare equipments are controlled through the monitor. Electronic medical reports are generated due to IT in healthcare. This helps the physician to keep the record of accomplishment of the medical history of the patient for diagnosis and treatment. All the developed countries have adopted this modernization (Yeow Huat Goh, 2015). This adoption will be improved more in the future. Due to the revolutionary change in the IT healthcare, a doctor from thousands miles away can assess, treat and diagnose a patient. Due to this system, millions of people are able to get this medical facility in the world. It also covers the people in the remote areas. It also provides quality healthcare in reasonable price (Cresswell Sheikh, 2013). Costs: The research has shown that 30% of the 1.2 trillion spent on healthcare is due to clinical inefficiency and GA costs (Kellermann Jones, 2013). The IT is lowering down the costs substantially by streamlining and streamlining back office administrative processes of providers and plans (Turan Palvia, 2014). Due to this, the patient will frequently send the medical information rather than hospital visit. Saliva and blood analyzers will be available in the community, which will cut down the office visit. Planning: Now days, any planning of launching new treatment or equipment is announcing through internet. IT is saving the time of application (Smith Koppel, 2014). IT is helping the healthcare system in managing the plans, announcing the upcoming plans. Usage of IT in healthcare: IT is affecting the healthcare industry both internally and externally. Internally, the employees and staffs are benefited from this. The staffs including physicians and nurses can record the data in their software, immediately after diagnosis. This will help them to upgrade the medical condition in the future. The nurses also can monitor the physical condition of the patients with the help of IT integrated tools (Bardhan Thouin, 2013). Externally patients and other medical suppliers are also benefited from this. Patients are informed with their medical reports after staying in home. Due to various IT healthcare tools, the patients can do the needful tests, which should be done for diagnosis. Due to the advanced IT, the medical suppliers and other staffs also help in this medical industry (Yeow Huat Goh, 2015). The medical suppliers give the information about latest updates in the IT healthcare to the physicians and get their opinion. Advantage benefits: Healthcare IT offers advantages in many levels. They are given below: Reduced paperwork: Electronic healthcare record is such a record, where all the medical information of the patient will be stored in an IT device, like tablet, laptop etc. Traditionally, the data were recorded manually in the paper, which gives rise to lots of errors while evaluating (Cresswell et al., 2013). However, due to this device, the records will be updated in the device. Thus, the paperwork is reduced. Reduced Malpractice Claims: Research shows that due to the advanced IT healthcare system, the number of malpractice claims have fallen from 49 to 2 in the medical practices (Lee et al., 2015). Rapid results: Before, the lab technician used to get the samples of the patient In general conventional method. It used to take a long time to process the result and to present in front of the doctor (Kellermann Jones, 2013). However, with the help of this electronic data transfer, the technician gets the data within a fraction of second and they can send the results much faster than before. Sensors and Wearable technology: As per the transparency in Market Research report, the market of medical tools is increasing at the rate of 16.4 percent a year. These sensors and wearable medical tools help to get the medical data, which is the aim and actual purpose in healthcare. An example of this type of sensor is a bandage, which can inform about the infection in the wound through changing in skin pH level (Park, 2013). An older patient can send alert to the care provider with the help of this sensor within a fraction of second. There are many wearable tech products, which utilize multiple digital health sensors. These sensors are composed of ambient sensors and other body worn sensors, which are integrated into sensor networks. A smart sensible chip is inserted in these devices. Therefore, the healthcare people get to know about medical information with these data points. The main target of the wearable technology in healthcare is to make profitable and big market by 2020. Rapid turnaround: An auditing of a patient used to take 3.9 hours in paper auditing system previously. Due to this healthcare IT system, this number has reduced to 1.4 hours (Cresswell Sheikh, 2013). Time saving: According to the research, 82% healthcare professionals are agreed with the fact that electronic health records reduce efforts and save the time (Reis et al., 2013). Risk factors: After all the IT healthcare completely depends upon IT. Due to this reason, IT hazards come out from these systems (Bardhan Thouin, 2013). Certain hazards are described below: Alarm hazards: Alarm hazards are creating problem for the admitted patients in the hospitals. Due to the alarm hazards, the alarm is ringing at any time in the day (Kohli et al., 2012). This is putting both the patient and the clinical staffs in the danger. The emergency value of a patient is being minimized because of this hazard. Errors in Data entry: Sometimes business associate and clinical staffs are entering wrong data of the patients into the devices. This is putting the patient in the danger (Grande, 2014). Because of this wrong information, the patients are getting wrong treatment, which is a disaster in the medical industry. Complications in robotic surgery: Now days maximum surgeries are done through robotic method. It is completely IT involved. So many accidents can occur at mid of the surgery (Wachter, 2012). It put the life of the patient in danger. Due to lack of proper training or system hazards, these types of accidents occur. Recommendation: Like any other innovations, the introduction of IT in the healthcare has both advantages and disadvantages. The healthcare community is affected from both the ways (Cresswell Sheikh, 2013).The researchers are focusing on minimizing these hazards. The devices cannot be operated automatically. It needs the human force to drive. Therefore, the manual operator has to be very much careful about the devices. The devices have to complexity free (Yeow Huat Goh, 2015). It will help both the physicians and technicians to understand the operating system of the devices. For example, the robotic surgery hazards can be minimized with proper training. Other recommendation will be proper training to the users. Conclusion: While everyone knows about the impact of the information technology in the healthcare, but still the aim of the complexity management is not achieved through implementing the health care information only. Other managerial and clinical interventions need to accompany the deployment of this technology. Operational and clinical processes must be standardized and re-engineered in such away, that that the activities, which can make the things more complex, will be erased. Certain reward systems like reimbursement reform are necessary that will provide the revenue and incentives to offset the costs of re-engineering and technology. Finally, the leaders must guide and motivate the efforts to modify the functions of the organizations. In health care systems, the complexity should be managed to effect material improvement. Information technology is a crucial contributor in this management. References: Anthony, D., Campbell, A. T., Candon, T., Gettinger, A., Kotz, D., Marsch, L. A., ... Johnson, M. E. (2013). Securing information technology in healthcare.IEEE security privacy,11(6), 25. Bardhan, I. R., Thouin, M. F. (2013). Health information technology and its impact on the quality and cost of healthcare delivery.Decision Support Systems,55(2), 438-449. Cresswell, K. M., Bates, D. W., Sheikh, A. (2013). Ten key considerations for the successful implementation and adoption of large-scale health information technology.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,20(e1), e9-e13. Cresswell, K., Sheikh, A. (2013). Organizational issues in the implementation and adoption of health information technology innovations: an interpretative review.International journal of medical informatics,82(5), e73-e86. Devaraj, S., Ow, T. T., Kohli, R. (2013). Examining the impact of information technology and patient flow on healthcare performance: A Theory of Swift and Even Flow (TSEF) perspective.Journal of Operations Management,31(4), 181-192. Grande, E. (2014). Information Technology and Home Healthcare: The New Frontier in Home Care.Home Healthcare Now,32(3), 194-195. Kellermann, A. L., Jones, S. S. (2013). What it will take to achieve the as-yet-unfulfilled promises of health information technology.Health Affairs,32(1), 63-68. Kohli, R., Devaraj, S., Ow, T. T. (2012). Does information technology investment influence a firm's market value? A case of non-publicly traded healthcare firms.MIS Quarterly,36(4), 1145-1163. Lee, T., Adnan, M., Bajwa, W., Ball, M. J., Ballen, S., Baur, C., ... Deering, M. J. (2015).Information Technology for Patient Empowerment in Healthcare. Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG. Reis, S., Visser, A., Frankel, R. (2013). Health information and communication technology in healthcare communication: The good, the bad, and the transformative.Patient education and counseling,93(3), 359-362. Smith, S. W., Koppel, R. (2014). Healthcare information technology's relativity problems: a typology of how patients' physical reality, clinicians' mental models, and healthcare information technology differ.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association,21(1), 117-131. Turan, A. H., Palvia, P. C. (2014). Critical information technology issues in Turkish healthcare.Information Management,51(1), 57-68. Wachter, R. M. (2012).Understanding patient safety. McGraw Hill Medical. Yeow, A., Huat Goh, K. (2015). Work harder or work smarter? Information technology and resource allocation in healthcare processes.Mis Quarterly,39(4).

Interactive Tools for Websites - The Writers For Hire

INTERACTIVE TOOLS FOR WEBSITES What’s the difference between a good website and a great website? The answer isn’t simple, so don’t try. A great website is easy to understand, easy to navigate, informative, well-written (of course) †¦ and engaging. If your reader isn’t engaged, they’re not paying attention to you or your site – and that’s bad. So after your reader has finished reading the flawless copy that you’ve poured your heart and soul into, why not let them relax and play a little bit? That’s where interactive tools come in. Tools are a great way to jazz up a website and keep visitors to your site entertained. They relay information that some web readers might not understand when they read your copy, but might understand if they get a demonstration. But what makes a good tool? All tools need to have a least two characteristics: they need to be relevant, and they need to be informative. You don’t want to plaster a stock market ticker on the top of your BicycleWorld website, that just doesn’t make sense. Likewise, you don’t want a map of the world showing all of your restaurant franchises if you’re only located in Florida. Think about your website – hard. What is your business like? How can you organize information into a simple, fun tool that can get your visitor’s (and potential clients) attention? The examples above aren’t bad tools, they’re just badly used. A stock market ticker would be great for a financial website, and an interactive map is useful for any business that has multiple locations within a specified geographical area. Some other tools to think about: †¢ Cost-saving calculators †¢ Videos †¢ Blog streams †¢ Calendars †¢ Real-time trackers †¢ Interactive charts †¢ Counters †¢ Anything else you can dream up! If you don’t already have a cool tool up on your website, consider the possibilities: it’ll make your website really pop, and keep visitors on your site longer. Overall, it’s a win-win for you.

Protection Example

Protection Example Protection – Coursework Example Protection Explain Why and How and Local Governments Should Install Procedures to Prevent Loss of Public Funds and local governments aresupposed to install procedures to prevent the loss of public funds. Loss procedures are important because they (a) minimize losses, (b) make sure that investigations are not interfered with, (c) make sure that reckless settlements are not made, (d) ensure that the bond claims are not risked, and (e) make sure that incorrect personnel actions are not allowed (Office of Financial Management, 2008). In Canada, there is a directive on losses of money or property. The objective of the directive is to make sure that public property or money losses are â€Å"prevented, detected and properly recorded, recovered and reported† (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, 2010).The directive requires that the chief financial officer establish a risk-based management practice and control to make sure that the losses of public property and money are reduced. The following are some of the practices and controls; (a) design, implement and maintain systems of internal control [such as account verification to stop public property and money loss or to identify any losses in a timely way], (b) preparation and processing of claims against those liable for the losses because of offences or negligence, (c) acting to recover some of the shortages or losses from the holder of an advance [this includes petty cash shortages], and (d) making sure that all the losses of public property or money are reported for addition in the Public Accounts of Canada (Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, 2010). ReferencesOffice of Financial Management. (2010). Suspected losses of public funds or property. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat. (2010, Aug. 12). Directive on losses of money or property. Retrieved from tbs-sct.gc.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=15792§ion=text

Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Budgeting - Essay Example Budgets are not always made for a fixed period, some budgets are created by adding a few more months to ensure that the total tenure for which the budget has been made spans over a total of twelve months. Another type of such estimation is known as a forecast. A forecast is a budget that modifies in the middle of the year to make a new/mini budget which is for a period of 3 months or 6 months. By making a budget, a company gets the following advantages: It ensures that the resources are being used in conformity with the goals of the company. It ensures that there are proper controls over the use of resources. It can help in ensuring that the departments of the company are engaged constructively with each other. It acts as a way of evaluating the performance of managers of the company - by comparing their achievements with the budgeted performance (Collier, 2010). Budget Cycle: In a budget cycle, a budget is first planned and then performances are controlled on its basis. In this proc ess, a plan is first developed to manage the finances of the company. This plan is then made the benchmark against which the performance is compared. If the performance is below the budgets estimations, reasons for deviation are found out and measures are taken to ensure that the work performed conforms to the standard set in the budget. Working with the Budget throughout the Budget Cycle As the person in charge of the department of finance, it is obvious that you are going to be a part of every step that is taken when the budgets are prepared. These steps include the following: 1. Planning and Development Planning and development is the first step of the budget cycle. When budgets are made, people involved in the preparation consider the present financial situation to make future estimations; they do not disregard the previous historic data relating to the product or departments. To ensure that the budgets are as accurate as possible, they encourage the people who are involved in t he daily financial dealings of the products to give their inputs. This is because these people are the specialists of the products they work with every day; thus, they will be able to give a better idea of the estimated revenue, expenses, etc. 2. Implementation After a budget has been prepared and loaded into the finance system, it is now the time to implement it. However, before the implementation stage is started, it is imperative to ensure that the correct budget has been loaded. In case of any kind of an ambiguity, it is always advisable to get in touch with a professional accountant. 3. Monitoring a. Revenue and Expense Statement Detail In order to ensure that each fund has its FOPPS, the report that shows the entire details of the expenses incurred and revenue earned is required to be reconciled on a monthly basis. i. All the amounts for expenses incurred during the year, transfers made and revenue earned must be compared with the original document on the basis of which the en try was made and the transaction went through. ii. Once the mistakes are identified, they must be removed as soon as possible. b. Revenue and Expense Statement Summary To make sure that the company has a full control over the operations going on, the statement that shows the summary of the revenue earned and expenses incurred is required to be seen monthly. i. The actual amounts of expenses incurred

What Specific Problems Could Be Created By the Permanent Assignment of Essay

What Specific Problems Could Be Created By the Permanent Assignment of a Judge to the Juvenile Division - Essay Example The researcher states that now the court administration is contemplating on whether or not it will be a wise decision to permanently assign a judge to the juvenile division. For a while, this idea might appear to be a sensible solution to the problem of increasing workload. By assigning a judge permanently to the juvenile division, the current hybrid approach of the court can be controlled considerably. Hence, the risk of increased ambiguity on the part of the court staffs will be lessened. Moreover, the efficiency of the different categories of the justice system can be increased if specialist judges are given permanent assignments to their respective area of specialization. However, every legal expect would not agree with the idea of permanent assignment. The permanent assignment may be theoretically a rewarding idea. Nevertheless, a judge who has to handle a permanent assignment is repeatedly exposed to the same type of cases. According to Baum, short term and long term specializa tions are the two most prominent categories of specialization in law. Hence, specialist judges are better trained in handling special courts and cases. Nevertheless, when some judges are given â€Å"permanent assignments to particular types of cases, including, by definition, judges who serve on specialized courts†, they face high psychological stress. This psychological stress results from repeated hearing of the same sort of cases. And if the court administrator starts to give a selected judge (particularly one who has been serving in a hybrid court system) similar cases constantly, he/she may be overwhelmed. Of course, the judge has to see the same sort of crimes, face the same sort of questions, and deal with the same branch of law (here, it is the juvenile code) all the time. In fact, when a judge is aware that he/she will have to hear the same kind of cases for a long period of time, this very reality may affect the way he/she thinks.

E Commerce In Small And Medium Tourism Enterprises Economics Essay

E Commerce In Small And Medium Tourism Enterprises Economics Essay In the emerging global economy, integration of information and communication technology in business is now becoming inevitable. E-commerce and e-business is becoming a necessary component of business strategy. Use of IT in business has enhanced productivity, enable mass customization, contribute a lot in cost reduction and encourage greater customer participation and boost business. E-commerce poses an advantage of reducing time to search for information and reduce transaction costs i.e. time for payment is drastically reduced as one can do transaction across continent in a very short time. Search of customers and markets is now can be easily facilitated by internet. Internet allows automatic packaging and distributes information to specified target group. Internet development and web-based technologies gradually narrow down distinctions between traditional markets and global electronic market place. The ability of companies to find out the emerging business opportunities and utilize or share the resources available is possible through internet. Companies can make most of opportunities through e-business strategy; it is workable, practicable and simple within the context of global information. With its effect of levelling the playing ground, e-commerce is tied with the appropriate strategy and policy approach that enables Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) to compete with large and capital-rich businesses. On another hand, developing countries are given increased access to the global marketplace, where they compete with and complement the more developed economies. Most, if not all, developing countries are already participating in e-commerce, either as sellers or buyers. However, to facilitate e-commerce growth in these countries, the relatively underdeveloped information infrastructure must be improved. The aim of this research is to asses whether the use of e-commerce in the tourism sector can be a tool to improve the economic prospects of developing countries .Its potentials and challenges is an issue to be scrutinized. SMEs that is able to adopt ecommerce on their touristic activities they can engage directly with the global tourism markets and bypass the intermediary information handlers to attract visitors and retain a larger proportion of tourism receipts. CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS What is e-commerce: meaning and scope of e-commerce It is important to define this term in first place. Different authors have defined e-commerce in different ways making it difficult to have the globally recognised definition. Many authors defined e-commerce simply as buying and selling over the internet which raised different arguments. Kalakota and Whinston (1997) agued that e-commerce involves more than electronically mediated financial transactions between organisations and customers. They refer e-commerce to the following perspectives: A communication perspective The delivery of information, products/services or payment by electronic means A business perspective The application of technology towards the automation of business transaction and workflows A service perspective Enabling cost cutting at the same time increasing spend and quality of service delivery. An online perspective Buying and selling of products and information online. A pan African E-commerce initiative, sponsored by Economic Commission for Africa (EAC) and the International Development Research Centre (IDCR), in 2001 adopted the European Commission definition; Electronic commerce is about doing business electronically, it is based on the processing and transmission of data, including text, sound and video. It encompasses many diverse activities including electronic trading of goods and service activities online delivery of digital content, electronic fund transfer, electronic share trading, electronic bills of lading, commercial auctions, online sourcing, public procurement, direct consumer marketing and after-sales service. (United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, 2006) this definition is broad and it covers the scope of e-commerce to the nation as well as industry. For the purpose of this essay we will adopt this definition. It is seen that almost each definition has similar components for example e-commerce is digitally enabled that means is taken through digital technologies such as internet. Also it is a commercial transaction which means there is an exchange of value. Laudon and Traver, 2007 commented that without an exchange of value no commerce occurs . E-COMMERCE CATEGORIES E-commerce transactions can be categorized in different classes regarding on the nature of the market relationship, that is who is selling to whom Business-to Consumer (B2C) This sale takes place when the business/organization sells its products/services directly to the consumer. Most consumers are likely to use this type of e-commerce. In 2005, consumers spent about $142-$172 billion. (Laudon and Traver, 2007 pp50) Business-to- Business (B2B) This is an online transaction between businesses, which means businesses focus on selling to other businesses. This is the largest form of e-commerce in terms of turnover about 80% of ecommerce is of this type. (Roberto R. Romulo Shahid Akhtar, Barlett, 200; Laudon and Traver,2002; UNCARD, 2002) (See appendix for more details) Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) This is happen when consumers transact directly with other consumers. This form has great potential but it is less widely used (Chaffey, D. 2004 pp7) Hoffman and Novak suggested that is crucial for companies to take into consideration the C2C interactions. Consumer-to-Business (C2B) This is defined as the transaction appeared when consumers initiate trading with companies. (Chaffey, D. 2004 pp7) Mobile Commerce (M-Commerce) This is defined as the use of wireless digital devices to enable transactions on the web. These networks are used to connect cell phones, handled devices such as Blackberries, and personal computers to the web. (Laudon and Traver, 2007 pp18) SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN DCs DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Developing countries differ widely among themselves these days, and no single list of typical features would accurately describe all developing countries (Krugman and Obstfeld, 2006 pp 606). See the recently list of DCs as per IMF in the appendix SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES It is better to ask why focus on SMEs? It is obviously because of its role in economic development in most of developing countries. It acts as the backbone of their economy because most of its people are engaging in informal sector. Before we continue we better define the meaning of SMEs. According to Scarborough et all in their book effective small business management there is no universal definition of a small business. Some analysts and countries define it basing on number of employees or on sales volumes. They define a small business is the one which employs fewer than 100 people (Scarborough et all 2008; OECD 2004) While the South African Act gave their estimate to be between 100 and 200 persons or a turnover rate of 5 million Rand, while micro enterprises have up to 5 employees (Gorden, 2003);( Fred Tetteh Alarti-Amoako , 25/09/2008 )http://www.allbusiness.com/economy-economic-indicators/economic-conditions-growth/14555918-1.htmlDate 2/12/2010 SMEs play a key role in the countrys economical growth in most of the developing countries. For instance in Ghana the analyst says that SMEs accounts for about 90% in the economy which contributes about 60% to the countrys GDP. According to Mr. Baffour Awuah the Regional Minister (Ghana), the informal sector is the mechanism for the economic growth of the country because it is identified as a major source of income and employment. ( Fred Tetteh Alarti-Amoako , 25/09/2008 ) http://www.allbusiness.com/economy-economic-indicators/economic-conditions-growth/14555918-1.html Date 2/12/2010 SMEs have their significant effect on the income distribution, tax revenue, and employment, efficient utilization of resources and stability of family income. SMEs and informal enterprises, account for over 60% of GDP and over 70% of total employment in low income countries, the role of SMEs is well acknowledged in other countries such as Japan, Korea, and all other industrialized economies in terms of creating employment, reducing poverty and increasing the welfare of the society. According to the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority (SMEDA), SMEs constitute nearly 90% of all the enterprises in Pakistan; employ 80% of the non-agricultural labor force; and their share in the annual GDP is 40%. There are a number of factors responsible for the importance of SMEs in Pakistan. First, SMEs bolster an entrepreneurial spirit and put forward suppleness in the economy. Second, SMEs emanate the fastest growing export sub-sectors, such as cotton weaving and surgical instruments. Third, they can support the poverty alleviation endeavors through employment generation process. Above all, SMEs are more efficient in resource allocation as compare to that of large scale industry from a social point of view. They provide and facilitate the more number of people as compare to that of large scale industry. By: Bashir Ahmad Fida http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Importance+of+Small+and+Medium+Enterprises+(SMEs)+in+Economic-a01073924138 According to NASSCOM (National Assocition of Sftware and Services Companies) suvey there are about 3.4 million SMEs which acconts for 42% of manufacturing sectors turnover and 35% countrys exports.These SMEs employ over 17 million people. http://www.unescap.org/tid/publication/part_three2261_ind.pdfHYPERLINK http://www.unescap.org/tid/publication/part_three2261_ind.pdf Date 6/12/2010 Date 6/12/2010 The above analysis shows the reason why it is important to focus on SMEs in DCs. Adaptation of ecommerce would help the tourism sector to build competitive advantage in the world tourism market and tackle the globalisation pressures in DCs. TOURISM: AN ATTRACTIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TOOL This section will provide an overview of the tourism industry in developing countries based on secondary data with purpose of illustrating some of the principal challenges faced by the tourist industry in selected developing countries due to the rising importance of ICT and the potential benefits the tourism sector would gain if engaged in ecommerce. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. ( UNWTO, 2009) Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism DATE 7/12/2010 Tourism is a significant sector for small- and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in the world and DCs in particular. Tourism is a key export for DCs and is one of the worlds largest industries generating an estimated 11% of global GDP and generating nearly 250 million jobs worldwide (Roe and Urquhart, 2001; WTO, 1996; Mill Morrison, 1999; Edgell, 1999; Lundberg et al, 1995).). DCs are receiving an increasing number of tourists, and this represent a significant part of their GDP. The trend of tourism demand is increasing rapidly and is a significant source of foreign exchange (WTO, 2002) tourism has assisted many developing countries to move away from a dependency on agriculture and manufacturing (Tooman, 1997). DCs are reach on natural endownment they can benefit from great wealth in wildlife and unique resorts, foreinstance Tanzania has a lot of attractions such as Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, Serengeti National Park one of the most beautiful parks in the world, and Ngorongoro Crater which is among the 8th wonder of the world. Lets have a look on how Zimbabwe is benefts from tourim. Tourism is one of the most promising aspects of Zimbabwes economy, attracting thousands of visitors and earning millions of dollars. Over the past 10years Zimbabwes tourist sector has scored impressive annual growth rates ofnearly 20%. According to the Zimbabwe Tourism Authority (ZTA) total tourism receipts account for 4.6% of the countrys GDP. It is estimated that tourism employs close to 100,000 Zimbabweans, up from 40,500 in 1990. This growth in employment is impressive considering Zimbabwes unemployment rate is more than 50% of the potential workforce and that employment figures have remained static since 1990. African Business, 1999. This analysis is convincing that tourism is benefiting the society in developing countries economically and deploying ecommerce in its fully capacity in this sector is an appropriate way to maximize economic benefits in DCs because it improves efficiency and productivity. FORMS OF TOURISM Tourism can be divided into three forms according to the United Nations Domestic tourism is the one which involves residents of certain country travelling only within this country. Inbound tourism, is where by a non-residents travelling in the given country. Outbound tourism, involving residents who travel in another country. This analysis is focusing on all forms seeking to analyse how this sector in general is affected by ecommerce. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism date 7/12/2010 E-COMMERCE IN TOURISM Most managers would agree that we have recently entered a new era The information Age; which differs markedly from the industrial age. (Hollensen, 2001, pp21, Wyckoff, 1997:5) It is true that e-commerce has impacted on the way organizations do business by altering basic business dynamics of industrial economy to be replaced by digital economy. It has significantly effects on industry value chain it changes the tourism industry structure (e.g. traditional distribution model), for example in tourism organization where by company use the internet to bypass traditional tourism distributors. The table below shows these differences. Industry economy (Marketplace=physical products) Manufacturing dominates Barrier: physical distribution Barrier: lack of capital First-mover advantage was years Innovative ideas contained internally Relationships constrained by human capital Digital economy (Market space=e-commerce) Knowledge and relationships dominate E-distribution is the new barrier Capital is a commodity First-mover advantage is months Innovation is in the public domain Relationships can be established electronically. (Hollensen, 2001, pp335) E-Tourism E-Tourism is a collection of tourist services that combine with E-Commerce via Internet considering that E-Tourism constitutes the big portion of E-Commerce because it has included all common elements of tourist activities such as hotels, airlines, travel agents, car rentals, tourist sites, bazaars, and tourist guides. This includes governments which starts utilizing E-Tourism as an effective means to promote the tourism product through the Internet. Lately, banks have also taken their roles as service providers of E-Payment, which is an important element for E-Tourism. Â  http://www.ioeti.org/ioeti/pages/e-tourism date 8/12/2010 Trends and growth It is better to understand the trends of tourism world wide so that to understand where we are and the opportunities to glow. The UNCTAD 2001 report indicates that the demand for tourism products and services on the internet is growing. It revels that UK, German and France the Europes largest economies are expecting to experience further growth in online bookings in 2007.Advancement in information technology assures the increase of tourism market because it reduces barriers such as transportation and communication costs which provide opportunity of people to travel cheaply and comfortable. The World Tourism Organization reports the top ten tourism earners for the year 2009. (See appendix 1) Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism date 7/12/2010 Damian Cook, the chief executive officer of E-Tourism Frontiers said: Online sales have experienced major growth in the past year. Travel is now the number one selling commodity online and is generating over US $110 billion annually in sales. We must get more African tourism products available to the online travel shopper, especially following the massive interest in Africa after the World Cup.( by Paz Casal. 2010) Source: Euromonitor International. http://blog.euromonitor.com/2010/09/east-africa-turns-to-e-commerce-for-travel.html date 10/11/2010 The sector was badly affected by the late-2000s recession; international travel demand suffered a strong slowdown beginning in June 2008, with growth in international tourism arrivals worldwide falling to 2% during the boreal summer months. THE OVERVIEW OF ICT USAGE AMONG SMES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES SMEs go through different stages in adopting e-commerce. They start with creating a Web site primarily to advertise and promote the company and its products and services. When these firms begin generating traffic, inquiries and, eventually, sales through their Web sites, they are likely to engage in e-commerce For countries or sectors to adopt ecommerce on its activities it depends on the availability of ICT and internet in particular and its usage. Lets evaluate extent of ICT usage and the purpose of usage in DCs. Currently the Internet is most commonly used by SME firms in DCs for communication and research; the Internet is least used for e-commerce. ICT usage patterns among SMEs in developing countries show a progression from the use of the Internet for communication (primarily e-mail) to use of the Internet for research and information search, to the development of Web sites with static information about a firms goods or services, and finally to use of the Internet for e-commerce. Studies commissioned by The Asia Foundation on the extent of ICT use among SMEs in the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia, show common use patterns, such as: 1. wide use of the Internet for e-mail because of the recognized cost and efficiency benefits; 2. use of Web sites more for promotion than for online sales or e-commerce, indicating that SMEs in these countries are still in the early stages of e-commerce; 3. common use of the Internet for basic research; and 4. inclination to engage more in offline transactions than in e-commerce because of security concerns. The worlds highest internet usage survey shows that India is in the fourth position while South Africa is out (see appendix 1). And if we consider regions Africa has the lowest internet usage. This indicates that available and new technologies are not adapted by African nations as well as SMEs to the full utilisation to enable Firms to survive in a rapidly changing environment. Zhu et all finds that the absence of awareness models to encourage SMEs to adopt ecommerce and internet as an available technology shows that the superlative enthusiasms of global on-line growth of business and consumer trade is still under utilized (Zhu et al, 2003) .The current situation of ecommerce application in India and South Africa would show in details. IN INDIA NASSCOM (National Association of Software and Service Companies) survey shows that the penetration of ecommerce transactions in India will increase. B2B transactions will reach on line penetration of 5% by 2003. The NASSCOM and Boston Consulting Group (BCG) report of 2000-2001 they estimate that the total volume of e-commerce in India will be Rs 1,950 billion (US $ 41.5 billion), out of which Rs 3 billion (US $ 64 million) accounts for B2C and Rs 1,920 ( US $ 41 billion) will be on B2B.(NASSCOM and BCG, 2001). http://www.unescap.org/tid/publication/part_three2261_ind.pdf IN SOUTH AFRICA The trend of ecommerce adoption in South Africa shows a slow impact (Cloete, Coyurtney, and Fintz, 2002:9) the study from the University of pretoria, summarised by Nua internet surveys, almost half of Internet users have made a purchase online. The University estimates that the B2C market in South Africa is worth R3.9 billion ($500 m), while the B2B market is worth about R20 bn ($2.4 bn). http://www.ebusinessforum.com/index.asp?layout=rich_storyHYPERLINK http://www.ebusinessforum.com/index.asp?layout=rich_storydoc_id=4378countryHYPERLINK http://www.ebusinessforum.com/index.asp?layout=rich_storydoc_id=4378countrydoc_id=4378HYPERLINK http://www.ebusinessforum.com/index.asp?layout=rich_storydoc_id=4378countryHYPERLINK http://www.ebusinessforum.com/index.asp?layout=rich_storydoc_id=4378countrycountry Date 6/12/2010 In SA, 8 online retailers are currently dominating the online consumer and apparel market accounts for approximately 80% of all online retail sales. Motjolopane (2006,20) reports tha Retail sales at the end of 2003 inreased by 35% grew by 25% in 2004. Ecommerce adopition has expanded rapidly in the airline industry in SA. According to Hartley and Worthington-Simith (2003:151-152), the volume of online travel sales compared to Erope. The no frills airline , Kulula.com is considered to be SAs largest revenue generating B2B business. 1time Airline another no frills airline is claiming 75% of online travell trasactions (Wardens and Remenyi, 2005). Andrew Smith, co-founder of Live Alchemy, concurs saying that while the rest of the worlds traditional retailers are often supplement their brick and mortar business quite successfully online, South African businesses are trading online. He says Telkom and the lack of Internet access have taken the blame for slow e-commerce uptake for far too long. http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/394/42916.html IMPORTANCE OF E-COMMERCE FOR TOURISM Scarborough analysed that although ecommerce will not replace the traditional retailing, no retailer from the smallest corner store to the industry giant Wal-Malt, can afford to ignore the impact of the web on its business. (Scarborough et all, 2009, pp 446) .Taking their analysis it is better to identify the impact of e-commerce on tourism sector, mentioning the opportunities which the tourist companies is going to capture by having the web site and the obstacles which impede the adoption of ecommerce in the developing countries and tourism in particular. Tourism is one of the most sectors affected by ecommerce. It affected the structure of the global tourism industry (UNCTAD 2001). For those who capture is an opportunity, but it also has negative effects. THE BENEFITS OF E-COMMERCE FOR SMTEs Companies of all sizes are busy establishing a presence on the web, why this happen? because thats where their customers are (Scarborough, 2008). Also ecommerce offers different opportunities and benefits. There is a clear evidence that E-Commerce have positive impact economically (UNDP, (2003), Pohjola (2000), Kraemer and Dedrick (2000) Dewan and Kramer (2000),}. If ecommerce is effectively utilised in the tourism organisation, and the country as a whole ecommerce can provide the following opportunities to the suppliers of tourist services as well as the tourists. Opportunity to increase revenues since the customers are on the web, by launching a web site a SME is increasing its market as well as sales. Improving Customer Services Electronic tourism is a useful tool for information between stakeholders. Suppliers can receive feedback from customers and make changes to comply with the customer needs. Interactions with customers help to create good relationship and retain the niche customers. The chance to attract new customers. The INCARD report 2001, identifies that demand is intending to increase from $5575 for 1999 to $1325 as total international tourism receipts and a global tourism demand of $8,972 billion as a prediction for 2010. (UNCTAD, 2001) this assures the opportunity of getting new users of the tourism products and services. bricks- and- mortar Global reach The ability of local tourism companies in DCs to expand their reach into the global markets. Internet increase accessibility and convenience it removes country boundaries. This paves the way for SMTEs from countries including those from Developing countries to transact with millions of potential customers in different parts of the world. Different researchers approved this There are opportunities for businesses in DCs to gain access to lager external markets from linkages with businesses operating in these markets (Singh, 1999; Wood, 2003). The ability to remain open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Internet is not bound to time as it is in brick -and- motor companies Reduction of costs. Studies indicates that e-commerce can help to reduce search cost, administration cost, distribution cost and labor costs. Laudon states that companies can use the internet technology to radically reduce their transaction costs (Laudon, 2002) Coase and Williamson identified that using markets is expensive (Coase, 1937; Williamson,1985) The cost of doing business in the web is low compared to other traditional means such as advertising on the news papers, TVs, posters and Bill boards. An Internet can reach many users at once, more efficiently and effectively. In addition it reduces the managing cost by having less number of employees because a tourist can contact directly via e-mail for booking and receive the E-ticket. Capability to improve efficiency of purchasing and inventory control. MNEs can easily control its inventory levels because the internet make it easier to track these levels electronically so that to shorten the sales cycle. Create new markets E tourism increases the ability to sport new business opportunities and to capitalise on them. Ecommerce enable tourism organisations to customise their products and services by producing what exactly the customer wants at the right time. Increase the tourist barging power. Electronic tourism helps the customers to access information on their tourist destinations. This helps them get information on prices and make booking at a relatively low cost. (Scarborough, 2009 pp 448-450; Chan, 2001: Schneider 2002, UNCTAD, 2001) IMPEDIMENTS TO THE ADOPTION OF ECOMMERCE FOR SMTEs IN DCs There are a number of barriers which impede SMTEs in adopting e-commerce in DCs. SMTEs face the following obstacles while engaging in e-commerce. Lack of awareness and understanding of the value of e-commerce. Most SMEs in tourism sector and other sectors in DCs have failed to realize the value of e-commerce to their businesses thinking that is suitable for large businesses. Lack of ICT knowledge and skills. Knowledge on the ICT is of necessity for Ecommerce to be diffused. This in an obstacle in DCs since most workers in SMEs lack ICT skills to develop and manage ecommerce (Chuang et al, 2009; Shiau et al, 2009) Financial costs. SMEs hesitate to deploy ecommerce for the fear of costs because the initial investment costs of computer and internet access is higher in DCs if compared to developed countries. Most SMTEs in DCs are suffering from insufficient financial resources (Chuang et al, 2009; Shiau et al, 2009) One of the major impediments to adoption of ecommerce for SMTEs, particularly those operating in the DCs in the prevalence of high entry barriers brought about, in part, by lack of effective reliance mechanics aimed at enhancing system trust (Patton and Josang, 2004) Infrastructure. This is a major barrier to e-commerce adoption in most of DCs since the communication infrastructure and network of many DCs is not conducive for ecommerce adoption and diffusion for SMEs. This also implies within SMEs their internal infrastructure is poor. (Esteves, 2009). Security. Customers may not opt to buy on line because of the fear of not being secured with the payment system they dont trust the website. This makes security and privacy issues to be critical in the acceptance and adoption of e-commerce in any business sector whether large or small especially in DCs where they have the culture of face to face interactions and credit card usage is still relatively low or there is no credit card facilities for example in Samoa( Purcell 2003) The difficulty in addressing issues of trust and confidence also makes SMTEs more vulnerable than large firms to problems linked to authentication/certification, data security and confidentiality and the settling of commercial disputes (Buhalis, D. Schertler, W. 1999, OECD, 1999). CTRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS AND RISKS FOR SMEs Jeffcoate et all (2002) suggested the following 11 critical success factors to be considered for Electronic business strategy implementation for any SME. This should not be ignored by the tourism SMEs from developing countries in order to implement their etourism strategy more effectively. For the purpose of this report we will not go deeply. Content Convenience Control Interaction Community Price sensitive Brand image Commitment Partnerships Process improvement Integration Chaffey, D. (2004) eBusiness and e-commerce 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall RIKS Though tourism has many benefits it has also negative impacts on social, culture and environment which need more attention so that to reduce its threats in developing countries and the world as whole development (WTO, 1996; Mathieson Wall, 1982, Wahab, 1997). by Chulwon Kim Professor, College of Hotel Tourism Management, Kyunghee University, Korea (smes in Korea) Appendix 1: the top ten tourism earners for the year 2009. The World Tourism Organization reports the following countries as the top ten tourism earners for the year 2009. It is noticeable that most of them are on the European continent, but the United States continues to be the top earner. Rank Country UNWTO Regional Market International Tourism Receipts (2009)[13] International Tourism Receipts (2008)[12] International Tourism Receipts (2007)[12] International Tourism Receipts (2006)[12] 1 Â  United States North America $93.9 billion $110.0 billion $97.1 billion $85.8 billion 2 Â  Spain Europe $53.2 billion $61.6 billion $57.6 billion $51.1 billion 3 Â  France Europe $49.4 billion $55.6 billion $54.3 billion $46.3 billion 4 Â  Italy Europe $40.2 billion $45.7 billion $42.7 billion $38.1 billion 5 Â  China

Fdi in Aviation

New Delhi, Sep 21 (IANS)  Civil Aviation Minister  Ajit Singh Friday said the government's open-sky policy for foreign investment in domestic airlines  has positively affected sentiments in the  aviation industry, but it is too early to say how much investment the sector would attract. â€Å"The sector is going through difficult times and is facing financial stress due to the overall economic slowdown. But the mood is upbeat now after we (government) allowed 49 percent FDI in airlines,† Singh told reporters on the sidelines of an Assocham event here. Time will tell how many  foreign airlines  are interested,† Singh added a day after the government notified that the foreign airlines can now pick up 49 per cent stake in domestic passenger carriers. Foreign carriers have so far not been allowed to directly invest in Indian carriers for security reasons, although 49 percent FDI by non-airline players was allowed. The  Indian airlines  sector has been going th rough a tough operating environment as high fuel and interest cost have hurt it. The government expects that the decision will help bring in more funds to the airlines who have been cold shouldered by banks.The decision is particularly expected to help airlines like Kingfisher to gain capital and resume full services. Other Indian carrier's require funds for expansion and to gain market share. International airlines  have welcomed the  government move. Ccarriers like Singapore Airlines, Emirates and the  International Airlines Group  (IAG), which owns British Airways and Iberia, have said they do not have any immediate plans to invest in India. Virgin Atlantic and Lufthansa also said they were not keen on investing in India at the moment.Middle East airline Etihad Airways has said it will wait for all the modalities of the new reforms are clear. Several such overseas carriers contacted by IANS and aviation watchers said high jet fuel cost, an extremely price-sensitive market , huge debt of the carriers and contracting domestic passenger traffic are the reasons deterring them to invest. Fdi in aviation [pic] After allowing foreign airlines to buy stake in domestic carriers, the civil aviation ministry is considering issuing around 30-40 licences for non-scheduled operations. A top ministry official said that many aviation ompanies have shown interest in starting non-scheduled operations, which do not have a fixed schedule. According to sources, some of these companies have come up with renewed proposals to the ministry. This has renewed the interest of the ministry, which is now working on issuing some licences. Officials said that regional connectivity will get a boost following the decision on allowing 49 per cent foreign direct investment in the sector. â€Å"Till recently, we were not convinced with the feedback we got from DGCA (Directorate General of Civil Aviation).Now, we can think of issuing licences to non-scheduled Indian aviation companies w ho have come to us with foreign tie-ups as well. We are sure the new tie-ups in non-scheduled operations will definitely bring in good technology and  result  in better maintenance of aircraft,† said a senior official. Non-scheduled operators are carried on mostly by VIPs or flying schools, and corporate as well as government organizations. They largely have major safety issues, which has deterred the ministry from issuing such licences.Their operations remain largely free from surprise safety audits. According to Planning Commission estimates, non-scheduled operations could involve 300 business jets, 300 small planes and 250 helicopters during the 12th Plan (2012-17) owing to increasing demand. Many regional airlines that have either started or will begin their operations soon include G. R. Gopinath's Deccan Shuttle, which would offer connectivity within Gujarat. The state has good regional airport network and has non-scheduled operations being carried by like Air Mantra, owned by corporate groups.Until now, foreign airlines were allowed to participate in the equity of companies operating cargo airlines, helicopter and seaplane services but not in the equity of an air transport undertaking operating scheduled and non-scheduled transport services. Banks which were unwilling to provide funds to the airline industry due to the prevailing financial distress are slowly opening up to non-scheduled operations paving way for more investment. The government is seriously looking at expanding nonscheduled operations as scheduled airlines are unwilling to fly to tier-II and tier III towns and cities as it is not economically viable. At least, we can kick-start operations with NSOPs (nonscheduled operations) initially. There is a great potential for airlines to exploit the non-metros cities and smaller towns. We are hopeful that expanding NSOPs to these places would work and scheduled operations will also gradually pick up,† said an official. Recently, civ il aviation minister Ajit Singh had said that the government would come up with a new aircraft-acquisition policy to deal with airlines acquiring a single type of aircraft, which is causing problem in providing connectivity to smaller towns and cities.Read more at:http://indiatoday. intoday. in/story/aviation-ministry-eyes-non-scheduled-operations/1/222442. html Issues It is good news that half a dozen regional airlines want to start operations even in these difficult times. The government would do well to help with an appropriate policy and better infrastructure to go with the many concessions already made available to smaller aircraft. Regional airlines have had reasonable success in peninsular India, but not so much in the hinterland or in the poorly connected east.The biggest policy constraint affecting regional airlines is the route dispersal norms. Scheduled carriers have to deploy a certain percentage of their capacity on category II and III routes such as the northeast and J ammu ; Kashmir. The obvious intent is to ensure availability of certain minimum level of air connectivity to these destinations. But being mostly short-haul routes with less traffic, these are generally loss-making for big airlines that would typically operate large aircraft such as A-320. These regions are better suited for regional carriers with small jets and turbo-props.The forced presence of the big airlines, however, makes it difficult for such carriers to operate in these regions. A phased withdrawal of the route dispersal policy would create a more conducive regime for regional airlines. In the US, too, regional airlines — which have a far more robust business than regular big carriers — took off only when the big carrier shrank operations, post 9/11. The other issue is the lack of or costly aviation infrastructure in the metros. It increases costs and reduces operating efficiency, as turnaround time at these airports is long.Regional airlines typically have fe w aircraft, but keep them in air longer, allowing them to have high frequency or serve more destinations. The poor infrastructure makes such operating efficiency difficult to obtain. The government must think of providing smaller secondary airports in big cities from where such airlines can operate. Besides, India has nearly 450 unused/under-utilised airstrips, which could be pressed into service to open more destinations to air travel, thereby helping improve the case for regional carriers.The government must increase the FDI limit in the sector from the current 49%, and also open it to foreign airlines. G. R. Gopinath The Indian aviation sector may be in turbulence mode, but that hasn’t shaken the spirits of G. R. Gopinath, the father of low-cost air travel in India. Gopinath, who sold India’s first low-cost airline Air Deccan to Vijay Mallya, the owner of Kingfisher Airlines, is gearing up for action once again. â€Å"I have been preparing for a national launch for the past year, and I hope to be ready next year,† an upbeat Gopinath told India [email  protected]The provocation for Gopinath to take to the skies again is simple:  Kingfisher is in a financial mess. The airline is running a sharply reduced service, and if it does not manage to raise funds, it could shut down anytime. Gopinath, who sold Air Deccan to Mallya in 2006, sees this as an opportunity for his re-entry into the sector. He points out that when Kingfisher bought out Air Deccan, the two brands together had 36% market share. â€Å"I believe that the market is still largely untapped. This is an unfinished story, and I see a huge opportunity still there. In the meantime, he has reentered the skies with a different  avataar. Gopinath recently launched Deccan Shuttle, a regional airline in the state of Gujarat in Western India. Gopinath points out that apart from the big cities and towns that are connected by the Airbuses and the ATRs, India has around 500 small airst rips which are not well connected. â€Å"Gujarat, for instance, has nine airports. While all of them are linked to Mumbai (India’s financial capital in the neighboring state of Maharastra), they are not linked to state capital Ahmedabad, or to each other.My idea is to open up a new market. I am passionate about providing easy access and connectivity. † Gopinath has launched Deccan Shuttle under the banner of Deccan Charters, an aviation services firm that he set up in 1995. This was his first venture in the aviation sector. It currently has 20 aircraft (helicopters, turboprops and business jets) and operates out of 16 locations. Under Deccan Shuttle, Gopinath will begin by deploying around six 10-to-18-seater aircraft in Gujarat. Over the next three years, he plans to have 25 such small aircraft across five states.Gopinath’s  plan  is primarily to offer intra-state connectivity. But in routes where there is significant demand due to cultural or trade reasons , he will also look at inter-state connectivity. Other recent entrants in this space include Air Mantra, a unit of the Religare Group. Air Mantra launched in July, connecting Amritsar and Chandigarh in North India. Spirit Air, which operates in Eastern states like Jharkhand, Bihar and Orissa, is planning to start operations in the Southern states soon. Air Pegasus, from Decor Aviation, an airport ground handling agency, is expected to start operations later this year.Analysts are watching the space keenly. â€Å"There is a lot of potential in the regional airlines business provided the states offer the required infrastructure and policies, and the companies have the appropriate business model by way of routes, pricing strategy, etc. ,† says Vishwas Udgrikar, senior director and partner, infrastructure and transport at consulting firm Deloitte. He warns, however, that â€Å"given the current environment in the country’s overall aviation sector, players need to be cauti ous and enter the regional airlines sector with the right preparation. Jasdeep Walia, an analyst at Kotak Institutional Equities, suggests that running a regional airline could be tough. â€Å"For distances of around 250-300 kilometers, the demand will be limited, especially if the roads are good and people can cover it by car. And for distances of 500 kilometers to 600 kilometers, there is always the risk that as the demand picks up, bigger airlines will [step in]. † Gopinath’s comeback is also evoking interest. Udgirkar points out that any new entrant at the national level, despite prior experience, will find it very challenging. There are inherent challenges in this sector and formidable competition, too. † Walia adds: â€Å"This space is very competitive, and the government policies are not at all conducive. And Gopinath could not sustain his earlier venture. † Gopinath’s Air Deccan changed the face of aviation in India, but as a business per se it got grounded. His foray into logistics with Deccan 360 also ran into trouble. Whether or not he can take off this time round remains to be seen. [pic] [pic]

Homeland Security Alert In Lax And Other State Airports Essay

To overcome the increasing terrorists’ threats in most commercial airports many countries have boosted on their airports security both at home and abroad. Many countries especially Western have experienced many terrorist attack. This has forced them to invent on various alert measures to control these attacks mostly to their airports. Through Transportation Security Administration officers, Los Angeles have stepped forward to scrutiny their passengers and aeroplanes in their airport (Krikorian and Shogren, January 02, 2004). This action has been motivated by particular terror plot bringing about more concern on common remote control toys that are useful in denoting terrorists’ bombs. Aviation authorities in different countries have decided on carrying devices on carry-on bags. Passengers with remote control are subject to intense search. Remote control toys are the most devices used in lax and other airports. Air passengers face heightened security which is geared against possible grandiose terrorist attack. Los Angeles and other country’s government are doing everything to protect their country (Sauter and Carafano, 2005, p. 2). Transport Security Administration inspectors in airports in major cities like Los Angeles are emphasizing on passenger’s screening and their languages. There has been extra watchfulness with an appeal to Los Angeles and other nations not to forgo travel plans in their airports than other transports. There is need for alerts in airports; this should be done through air marshals especially on flights arriving from overseas and undercover observation around airports. Not only lax but also other airports have been on â€Å"Orange Alert† (Oldham, January 23, 2004). There are many places that competes Los Angeles in their potential targets both symbolic and substantial. For better protection against terrorism in airports the main prevention of the attack, always there should understand of the vulnerability that translates to threat. Co-coordinating of anti-terrorism efforts among local airports law enforcement agencies and Joint Terrorism Task Force has been adapted in Lax. They have tried as much as they can to plan and monitor means of preventing terrorism (Byman, 2008, p. 75). Cameras to monitor suspicious activity in airports with pilots completing terrorism awareness training have been adopted in most airports. All airport employees have been trained on security procedures with police increasing their patrol. Gas detection system has been improved to identify biological and chemical toxic. In airlines cockpit doors and locomotive doors has been adopted. There is also screening of passengers and their luggage. Los Angeles has identified potential facilities on terrorist attacks and established security plans. Different agencies through FBI, police departments and sheriff have teamed up to create Joint Regional Intelligence Center in which they can collect, share and analyze intelligence data on terrorism. More anti-chemical suits are required to protect airports from chemical attacks (Hutagalung, November 29, 2008). There is local law enforcement and fire agencies which uses different radio systems. Los Angeles has not established a comprehensive plan on evacuating large number of people in case of chemical or nuclear attack. There is computer software that records routine location and canine search at airports. Police offers data on possible terrorists’ targets and relative significance. These data is subject to change incase of security breach or suspicious activity (Oldham, January 23, 2004). Conclusion Like other airports, lax has been subject to federal rules mandating barriers perimeter around all facilities. A team for handling homeland security has been established incorporating different agencies. Improvement of security in communications, transportation and public infrastructure utilities have expanded ability of different countries in detecting and responding to terrorism. They have better trained those who are called on for first response in contaminated environment. Lax and other airports have tightened their security in response to terrorist. They have raised security alerts to the highest possible level as an indication that terrorist attack are coming up. Some measures are visible and others are not.

A Brief Note On Environmental Degradation And Pollution Essay

A social issue does not have a universal definition, rather, a social problem is something that has an impact on a person, group or society as a whole and is in need of remedy. Social problems vary in societies and geographical locations and time periods. There are an incredible amount of social issues around the world, in the United States and most specifically in this year. I believe one of the most pressing social issues we are facing in 2016 is environmental degradation and pollution. This is an extremely broad topic that can take days upon days to explain, but my main point is that we have destroyed our environment in so many different ways, from oil spills, exhaustion of fossil fuels, deforestation, and all the way to illness. Additionally, so many people aren’t even aware of their environmental footprint. We are at a time where we need to switch to more renewable options: solar and wind power are two that can help tremendously. 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